Direct sequence spread spectrum modem design Meter reading and distribution automation system for electric utilities Feasibility study for a building automation system-on-chip CAN Open protocol optimization for manufacturing automation Data radio network protocol for in-building use Optimal radio link for surveillance images Improved Zigbee radio system Engineering management for a venture-funded start-up Direct sequence spread spectrum modem design Challenge: The client required a data modem to operate under highly unusual conditions. They discovered, after evaluating several options, that no commercial product could meet their needs. The client engaged us to build a custom solution. Solution: We served as prime contractor for the development of a spread spectrum modem tailored to the client’s precise requirements. Starting from the fundamental principles of communication theory, we devised appropriate modulation, filtering, synchronization and correlation strategies. Using MathCad and C simulation, we performed FIR filter design, synthesis, and optimization, both analytically and experimentally. We then designed and coded the channel control and link layer protocol in an NSC COP embedded controller using assembly language. In addition, we supervised subcontractor implementation in VHDL for Altera FPGAs, the analog front-end design, PC board design fabrication and testing. Meter reading and distribution automation system for electric utilities Challenge: Reduce the cost of an existing multichip automatic meter reading system to meet market demands. The client, a manufacturer of distribution automation systems which it sells to electric utilities in Europe, had already been working with the IC/SS three-chip power line carrier modem developed, patented and licensed by Larry Hill. Solution: We served as prime contractor for the development of a new integrated circuit. We first determined the cost reduction that could be achieved through fuller integration and presented the business case for proceeding. We worked with senior management to refine the requirements, and subsequently designed the system and managed its implementation. We led a team of six subcontractors who implemented the ASIC design in VHDL, re-wrote the communications protocol in embedded C to run in a RISC processor core on-chip, and implemented a revised version of the basic applications code. A fully functioning system was demonstrated using Altera FPGAs. We assisted the client in selection of an ASIC vendor and provided technical support in procurement and verification of production parts. Feasibility study for a building automation system-on-chip Challenge: A leading manufacturer of access control systems and architectural hardware for commercial buildings sought to add value and differentiate its products by incorporating intelligence. Solution: We performed a feasibility study to quantify the development and production costs of a custom integrated circuit which would perform a defined set of communication and control tasks. We worked with the client’s management and marketing personnel to clarify functional requirements, production volume and cost points. We implemented a bread-board design to prove the feasibility of certain design elements. We then developed Detailed Design Specifications, accompanied by itemized development and production cost estimates. On learning the likely true costs, the client chose a less ambitious path better suited to its business goals. CAN Open protocol optimization for manufacturing automation Challenge: A particular application of the CAN Open protocol for CAN Bus needed to meet strict demands for short latency, large bandwidth and fail-safe operation. Solution: We collaborated with the client’s teams of engineers from the U.S. and Europe to devise approaches that support an aggressive set of bus latency and throughput requirements -- a solution that meets the client’s requirement both for performance and interoperability. We served as a bridge between the international engineering team, marketing staff and the company’s management, presenting the technical options that would lead to a sound business decision. Data radio network protocol for in-building use Challenge: A manufacturer of automatic inventory control systems needed to transmit information on parts inventory to a central computer. The company was looking to incorporate an inexpensive data radio network that would operate reliably within large commercial buildings. Solution: We designed a specialized, one-way protocol for use with low power unlicensed radio that operates in-building reliably and at low cost. We coded and tested this protocol in assembly language in a Microchip PIC 16C73 embedded controller. The client designed the hardware and integrated the new code into this system. Optimal radio link for surveillance images Challenge: The US Navy requires a data link to transfer surveillance data from a UAV (Unpiloted Aerial Vehicle) to a submarine, using submarine antenna/mast structures currently deployed in the fleet. This data link must be covert, jam-proof, and be fabricated from COTS (Consumer Off-The-Shelf) components at very low cost. Solution: In collaboration with a specialist experienced with submarine antennas and RF, we developed an evaluation tool, implemented in Excel, that allows examination of tradeoffs among such factors as bandwidth, power consumption, modulation structure, image compression algorithms, and range. Using this tool, we evaluated various designs, and showed the feasibility of a system using COTS components which offers dramatically improved performance at lower cost than options currently available to the Navy. Improved Zigbee radio system Challenge: An early-stage company developing a unique approach to personal communications chose Zigbee for in-building use. They found serious deficiencies in its performance. Solution: We reviewed the design at both hardware and architectural levels. By making minor changes to component values in the RF front-end and by redesigning the antenna, we achieved over 20 dB improvement in link margin. In addition, we identified and found solutions for two major problems in the communications system architecture. Engineering management for a venture-funded start-up Challenge: A start-up company whose founder had invented fundamental technology involving MEMS and electro-chemistry, needed to achieve extraordinarily aggressive technical goals to meet business objectives. Solution: Larry Hill served for nine months as acting manager of engineering. Collaborating with the founder, he planned and executed an effort which more than achieved the technical objectives, coordinated activities of contractors and academic consultants, hired a permanent Vice President of Engineering and other staff, and spent less than budgeted.